Below shows an example of a melody and then the same melody with more pitches added in. The first version is sparse and would be a good intro. Sometimes composers use the introductory music again in the bridge section. If you do only that, it can be boring if you play it exactly the same as the first time you played it. If you add in more pitches and rhythmic events, it can liven that phrase up again for the second hearing of it.
More on Addition
A further discussion on filling in is presented here where it is now used to fill in an existing phrase or section. Filling in is "THE" technique used in just about every style of World Music as well s being a common fixture of jazz improvisation. Sorry the image is not finished being edited.
Melodic Break
A break or bridge can also be created by taking notes out. Below is an example.
Here is a video discussing the subtraction technique.
A video about the process of creating simultaneous heterophonic lines.
A special case of heterophony found in Balinese, Indonesian music.
Next is how to create an ever changing ostinato which is also known as a repeating groove.
Below is a discussion of what pick up notes are as well as how and when to include them.
Rhythmic Cells
Isorhythm
Isomelody
Here is one application of the technique of permutation.
Interlocking
notice in the first line of the image (labeled 1) that there is no "e" in the subdivisions of beats one or two. In the next line (labeled A) it only contains the "e of 1" and the "e of 2" If you play both line 1 and line A together, that would create an instance of interlocking rhythms. Basically, you just fill in the missing subdivisions in another line or two.
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